When it comes to choosing binoculars, there's a lot of options available, and it can be overwhelming to navigate the different brands, models, and features. In this article, we'll break down the main features and functions to keep in mind, to help you choose the right binoculars for your needs.

Before you start shopping, it's a good idea to answer two basic questions:

1. What are you going to use binoculars for? Will you be hunting, bird watching, observing wildlife or insects, or just taking nature walks?
2. What is your budget? Generally speaking, low-end binoculars cost up to $100, middle-class binoculars cost up to $400, and high-end binoculars cost more than $400.

With those questions answered, let's dive into the details of the features that distinguish binoculars.

Types of Binoculars

Binoculars are generally divided into two types based on their prism: Porro prisms and roof prisms. The difference between the two comes from the arrangement of the lenses. Binoculars with Porro prisms tend to be more bulbous, while those with roof prisms are more compact and straight. Roof prisms are becoming increasingly popular because of their compact shape, which makes them more comfortable to use. However, the technology behind them is more expensive, which also drives up the price.

When it comes to durability, binoculars with roof prisms are a better choice for use in harsh conditions or when exposed to the risk of mechanical injury or adverse weather

Magnification and Diameter

Magnification is a key feature of all binoculars. However, don't assume that the highest magnification is always the best choice. Sometimes, too high of a magnification can make focusing difficult and the image blurry. For bird and animal watching, a magnification of 8x or 10x is considered the most appropriate.

The diameter of the lens, which is measured in millimeters, is another important feature. This measurement determines how much light enters the lens. Generally, instruments with a lens diameter greater than 30 mm are considered standard binoculars, while those with a diameter less than 30 mm are considered compact binoculars. The more light that enters the lens, the brighter the image will be, but the bigger and heavier the binoculars will be.

Here are some general rules of thumb for magnification and diameter:

• 10x50 binoculars are considered the best choice for animal watching
• For bird watching, 8x21 binoculars are the optimal choice
• Compact binoculars (10x50 or 20x50) are recommended for hikers
• Medium-sized binoculars (7x35 or 10x50) have an excellent weight-to-light ratio and are suitable for observing moving objects
• Large binoculars (8x42, 10x50) with their wider width and brightness are the best choice for hunting enthusiasts.

Be sure to also pay attention to the more general features of binoculars, such as weight, as well as the type of coatings on the lenses, and the focus system. With these factors in mind, you'll be able to choose the binoculars that best suit your needs and budget.